It is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells lining the inner surface of the bladder. It is more common in people aged 65 and over. Smoking, exposure to chemicals and genetic factors are among the risk factors. Bladder cancer in the elderly Symptoms may include blood in the urine, frequent urination or painful urination. Early diagnosis and treatment have a positive effect on the course of the disease.
What are the symptoms of bladder cancer in the elderly?
Blood in the urine is the most common symptom and is usually painless. The amount of blood can vary; sometimes it is only noticeable on microscopic examination. Bladder cancer in the elderly, It can cause a frequent and sudden urge to urinate. This can be especially disturbing in the form of waking up at night to urinate. Another symptom can be a burning or painful sensation while urinating. This can be confused with urinary tract infections.
Especially in advanced stages, constant pain may be experienced in the pelvic area or back. This pain may indicate that the cancer has spread from the bladder to the surrounding tissues. There may be changes in urination habits, such as a weak or interrupted urine stream. The symptoms are not specific to this cancer. However, it is important to see a specialist for early diagnosis if any of them are seen. Especially bladder cancer in the elderly Not neglecting the symptoms is of great importance in the early diagnosis and treatment process.
What Causes Bladder Cancer in the Elderly?
As we age, genetic mutations and DNA damage accumulate in cells. This can cause cells in the bladder to multiply uncontrollably and develop cancer. Since the aging process also reduces the effectiveness of the immune system, it becomes difficult for the body to recognize and destroy abnormal cells. Smoking is one of the main risk factors. Toxic substances in cigarette smoke reach the bladder through the blood. It can damage the cells in this area. Long-term smoking is an important factor that increases the risk in older individuals. Long-term contact with chemicals, bladder cancer in the elderly It may increase the risk. The incidence is especially high in people working in the paint, rubber, leather, textile and petroleum industries. Elderly individuals who have worked in these professions are at risk because they have been exposed to chemicals for years.
Chronic bladder inflammation and long-term urinary tract infections are risk factors for the development of cancer. In older individuals, recurrent infections cause cellular changes in the bladder wall. This increases the risk. Having a family history can increase the risk in older individuals who are genetically predisposed. Some genetic mutations play a role in its development and this may become more apparent in old age. Previous radiation therapy or some chemotherapy drugs for the treatment of other types of cancer increase the risk. The likelihood of its development may increase in people who are exposed to these treatments in old age. When these reasons come together, bladder cancer in the elderly The probability of developing it increases. Therefore, regular health checks and avoiding risk factors are of great importance for early diagnosis and treatment.
How is Bladder Cancer Treated in the Elderly?
Transurethral resection (TUR-MK) is used to remove the tumor from the bladder in the early stages. It is generally preferred for elderly patients because it is a minimally invasive method. In more advanced stages, complete removal of the bladder may be required. In elderly patients, radical cystectomy may be preferred if their general health status is suitable.
It should be evaluated carefully after the operation as it may negatively affect the quality of life. If bladder cancer has spread throughout the body, chemotherapy may be applied. The ability of elderly patients to tolerate chemotherapy should be taken into consideration. In the intravesical chemotherapy method, medication is administered directly into the bladder.
This treatment reduces side effects and can be used in early-stage cancers. BCG, an intravesical immunotherapy method, is used to prevent recurrence of early-stage tumors in particular. It can also be effective in elderly patients and is usually applied after surgery. If surgery is not appropriate in the elderly, radiotherapy can be used.
Radiotherapy may be used to shrink a tumor locally or to relieve symptoms. In some cases, drugs that are effective against specific cancer cells may be used. This treatment option is preferred when older patients are not suitable for chemotherapy. Bladder cancer in the elderly Side effects should be minimized during treatment. Supportive treatment is important for this. Regular follow-up after treatment is necessary to determine the risk of recurrence. When creating a treatment plan for the elderly, quality of life, patient preference and accompanying diseases are taken into account. The most appropriate treatment option with the least side effects is determined.
